Pandemic and the Pilgrimage: Ottoman Arabia in the Shadow of British India’s Ecological Fallout
Dr Michael Christopher Low
Between 1831 and 1914, cholera spread from India to Mecca and the Hijaz on at least forty separate occasions. This talk traces the development of Ottoman and international quarantine and public health controls in the Hijaz, Red Sea, and Persian Gulf between 1865 and World War I. Low argues that…