Mullā Ṣadrā (1572–1740), one of the most prominent of post-Avicennan Islamic philosophers, undertook to revive the study of…

Jalaluddin Rumi (1207–1273) is the most famous exponent of the mystical tradition in Islam and venerated as 'Mevlana', 'our…

Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) was one of the most remarkable Muslim scholars of the pre-modern period. He founded what he called the…

ʿAbd al-Rahman Jami (1414–1492) is a culminating figure in Perso-Islamic culture, whose reputation and influence have remained…

Tabari (ca. 838–923), a brilliant scholar of ʿAbbasid Baghdad, wrote extensively in all fields of the Islamic sciences of his…

Ibn Hajar al-ʿAsqalani (1372–1449) was one of the most influential thinkers of the 15th century and a prolific scholar, most…

Said Nursi (1876 –1960), the most influential Islamic scholar in modern Turkish history, is the inspiration behind the…

Bukhari (d. 256/870) is famed throughout the Islamic world as the greatest practitioner in the field of hadith—textual reports…

Ibn Battuta (d. ca. 700/1368 or 9) was famed in his own lifetime as the greatest traveller of his age. He covered the whole…

The buildings of Sinan (ca. 1490–588) are ranked with the finest monuments of Renaissance Europe. He was born in Cappadocia,…

Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) was a distinguished poet, philosopher and statesman of South Asia. His ideas played a vital role in…

The eighth-century scholar Sibawayhi is recognized as the first systematic grammarian of Arabic. Michael G. Carter discusses…